Wet Tropics: SE Asia

Primary lowland rainforest at Danum Valley, Sabah. Photo: J. Gregson.

Introduction

The SE Asia and Pacific region has unparalleled biodiversity, and is home to one of the three major blocks of tropical rainforest. The region is considered here to comprise Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, East Timor and Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia and many other smaller Pacific islands. The area has a very complex geological history, reflected in the many intriguing patterns of plant distribution that are only just beginning to be rigorously studied. Most of the area is covered by three regional Floras – Flora Malesiana, Flora of Thailand and Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viêtnam.

The SE Asia and Pacific region has been subjected to drastic environmental impacts over the past three decades, and throughout the area natural vegetation is under severe threat, perhaps more than any other area in the tropics. Research on the diversity of plants in the region is urgently needed to provide baseline data for conservation at both species and habitat levels.

Background

RBG Kew has long-term collaborations with most botanical institutes and many universities within the region.  Collaboration usually takes the form of training, repatriation of data from herbarium specimens, naming of material, provision of historic literature, specialist taxonomic accounts and assistance in sourcing and securing external funding for collaborative projects. RBG Kew is perceived as being a major player in the provision of baseline taxonomic and conservation data.

Systematic research has focused in the past mainly on several dicotyledon groups (e.g. Elaeocarpaceae, Menispermaceae, Nepenthes, Loranthaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Antidesma, Austrobuxus), on most of the major groups of monocotyledons (aroids, bamboos, orchids, palms, sedges, yams, see Grasses of Thailand and Palms of New Guinea projects) as well as the ferns. Currently new research is being developed in the Myrsinaceae, Labiatae (including Verbenaceae) and Urticaceae (see Taxonomic research of ecologically important plant families in South East Asia and Systematics of Lamiaceae subfamily Viticoideae (Lamiaceae\Viticoideae)).

Other research focuses on the provision of user-friendly identification guides either in electronic or book form, and training courses both in the region and at RBG Kew. An Interactive Key to the Malesian Seed Plants was recently published on the web and in CD-ROM format, and will be enlarged to include Thailand and Indo-China. Field guides to be published as books will include Southern Thailand, East Sabah, and Palms of New Guinea.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS (2001 - 2005)

KEY ELEMENTS OF FUTURE PLANS (2006 onwards)

RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS (2001 - 2005)

Collections (2001-2005)

Since the formation of the regional team in late 2002, some 3,570 collections, usually in sets of four, have been made as part of the surveys of under collected area (Papua, Indonesia and Vietnam) or as part of surveys of proposed protected areas (Imbak Valley, Sabah) or other projects (Thailand and Sabah).

An additional 19,500 specimens collected from SE Asia and the Pacific have been donated, during 2001-2005, for naming or incorporation by collaborators in several countries, especially those in Malaysia (KEP, SAN and SAR), Indonesia (BO and MAN), The Netherlands (L), Papua New Guinea (LAE), Thailand (BKF), and the USA (BRIT, F, GH, and MO). Approximately 5,500 determinations have been sent to collaborators since 2002.

Baseline Plant Diversity Research (2001-2005)

RBG Kew expertise has contributed significantly to Flora Malesiana (Palms of New Guinea) and Flora of Thailand (Grasses of Thailand) and is represented on the board of both Floras. As well as the regional Floras there are numerous local Flora projects, in particular the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak and the Field Guide to the Forest Trees of Brunei Darussalam, to which RBG Kew expertise is adding. Since 2001, RBG Kew has co-ordinated one major collaborative floristic inventory in the region, the Guide to the Alpine and Subalpine Flora of Mt Jaya, and has started two new floristic surveys: Assessing and conserving plant diversity in commercially managed tropical rainforests in Sabah and the Field Guide to the Forest Trees of Southern Thailand.  These projects have contributed significantly to a better understanding of the region’s biology, and have generated excellent material (herbarium, DNA, photographic, etc.) which is used at RBG Kew for comparative plant biology research and is also distributed widely. An annual Tropical Plant Identification course has been initiated and developed in collaboration with other Herbarium sections.  This has enabled 32 people to be trained in identification skills over the initial two year period.

Comparative Plant Biology (2001-2005)

RBG Kew’s work has been essential in publishing the Labiatae volume of the Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie in 2004 and for the Aquifoliaceae and Dipterocarpaceae part of the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak in 2002 and 2004. A monograph dealing with the common, but difficult genus Antidesma has been published in 2005. RBG Kew has supported Dr. J. Beaman’s work on the flora of Mt Kinabalu, of which the last volume was published in 2004. Several papers dealing with South East Asian flora have been published, in particular on Elaeocarpaceae, Orchids, Palms, Myrsinaceae and Labiatae and the wood anatomy of a new genus of Icacinaceae from Borneo.

Sustainable Utilisation of Plant Resources (2001-2005)

RBG Kew staff have played a crucial role in the understanding of rattan and bamboo diversity in the SE Asia region. These non-timber forest products were neglected in the past. RBG Kew has provided baseline data on taxonomy (for identification), ecology and natural history, essential for their sustainable utilisation from the wild (See interactive CD-ROM Rattans of Borneo, published 2005). Baseline data has recently been gathered on the uses of sedges in the SE Asia region and has been published as checklists. Research on rattan seed physiology at Wakehurst Place has provided baseline data for rattan seed storage, an essential component in the development of rattan plantations.

Conservation and Environmental Monitoring (2001-2005)

Approximately 45 species of various families have been assessed for conservation status using the criteria set by the IUCN and all these assessments have been published. RBG Kew staff with expertise in the SE Asia region are much in demand to provide taxonomic information essential to conservation (see project Thai Cyperaceae: distribution and conservation). A joint expedition in 2004, at the request of the local land owner in Imbak Valley, Sabah has resulted in the valley being preserved as a Forestry Conservation Area, within the Yayasan Sabah Foundation concession. In 2005 RBG Kew staff attended the Red Data list workshop in Kuala Lumpur, which dealt with selected species from Malaysia.

FUTURE PLANS (2006 onwards)

Collections (2006 onwards)

The main curatorial focus will be to further reduce the naming backlog. Furthermore, we will actively try to fill gaps in the herbarium collections by undertaking fieldtrips to New Guinea and Indo-China in particular. Access to the collections will be enhanced by databasing and imaging important SE Asian collections, for instance in the project Digitising the specimens and archive of A.F.G. Kerr, pioneering botanist in Thailand.

Baseline Plant Diversity Research (2006 onwards)

RBG Kew will continue to contribute significantly to Flora Malesiana and Flora of Thailand (see projects Palms of New Guinea; Systematics of Lamiaceae subfamily Viticoideae; Taxonomic Research of Ecologically Important Plant Families in South East Asia; and Grasses of Thailand), as well as to the regional Floras, e.g. Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak (including Systematics of Lamiaceae subfamily Viticoideae), and the Field Guide to the Forest Trees of Brunei Darussalam. For the first couple of years, we will focus our floristic inventories in support of our Darwin Initiative funded projects: Assessing and conserving plant diversity in commercially managed tropical rainforests in Sabah and the Field Guide to the Forest Trees of Southern Thailand.

The Tropical Plant Identification course (developed in collaboration with other Herbarium sections) was established in 2004 and will continue to run annually, providing training in plant identification skills.

Comparative Plant Biology (2006 onwards)

Kew aims to publish final Flora accounts for some of the former dicotyledon focus groups (e.g. Elaeocarpaceae, Nepenthes, Aquifoliaceae, Antidesma, Austrobuxus), to continue work on most of the major groups of monocotyledons (aroids, bamboos, orchids, palms, sedges, yams) and to further develop work on the Myrsinaceae and Labiatae (including Verbenaceae).

Sustainable Utilisation of Plant Resources (2006 onwards)

Kew staff will continue to provide baseline data on plant taxonomy, for identification purposes; and ecology and natural history, which are essential for the sustainable utilisation of plants and their development as plantation crops. Through the Darwin Initiative funded project Assessing and conserving plant diversity in commercially managed tropical rainforests in Sabah, we will support the framework of Forest Stewardship Council certification as the most appropriate way of managing tropical timber concessions for sustainable utilisation.

Conservation and Environmental Monitoring (2006 onwards)

Kew staff with expertise in the SE Asia region will continue to provide taxonomic information essential to conservation (see Thai Cyperaceae: distribution and conservation). We will be finishing the project Assessing and conserving plant diversity in commercially managed tropical rainforests in Sabah, which has a major conservation and monitoring element. Joint expeditions to conservational- sensitive areas are planned, particularly in Indo-China and New Guinea, in order to support local conservation efforts.

Projects

Assessing and Conserving Plant Diversity in Commercially Managed Tropical Rainforests in Sabah

Digitising the Specimens and Archive of A.F.G. Kerr, Pioneering Botanist in Thailand

Essays on the Forests of Tropical Asia

Field Guide to the Trees of Southern Thailand

Grasses of Thailand

Guide to the Alpine and Subalpine Flora of Mt Jaya

Interactive Key to the Malesian Seed Plants

Lamiaceae for Flora Malesiana

Palms of New Guinea

Taxonomic Research on Ecologically Important Plant Families in South East Asia

Thai Cyperaceae: Distribution and Conservation

Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak: Myrtaceae

UK Darwin Initiative Papuan Plant Diversity

People

Herbarium

Susyn Andrews (Research Associate), Peter Ashton (Research Fellow), Sandy Atkins (Research Associate), Bill Baker, John Beaman (Research Fellow), Gemma Bramley, Gill Challen, Ruth Clark, Mark Coode (Research Fellow), Phil Cribb, Aaron Davis, John Dransfield (Research Fellow), Soejatmi Dransfield (Research Associate), Peter Edwards, Helen Fortune Hopkins (Research Associate), Jonathan Gregson, Don Kirkup, Rogier de Kok, Petra Hoffmann, Alison Moore, Caroline Pannell (Research Associate), Alan Paton, Martin Sands (Research Associate), Dave Simpson, Melanie Thomas, Timothy Utteridge, Maria Vorontsova, Paul Wilkin, Jeff Wood

Partners

Australia

CSIRO Canberra and Atherton

Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane

Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney

Brunei

Brunei Forestry Department

Denmark

University of Aarhus

University of Copenhagen

Indonesia

Herbarium Bogoriense

PUSLITBANG Biologi (LIPI) Bogor

Universitas Negeri Papua (UNIPA), Manokwari

Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta

Ireland

Trinity College Dublin

Japan

Tobu Foundation

Lao PDR

The Forest Department, Vientiane

Malaysia

Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Royal Society SEARRP, Danum Valley Field Centre

Sabah Forest Department, Sandakan

Sabah Parks, Kota Kinabalu

Sarawak Forest Department

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Yayasan Sabah, Kota Kinabalu

The Netherlands

Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden

Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea Forest Research Institute, Lae

University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby

Philippines

The Philippines National Museum

Singapore

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Thailand

Bangkok Forest Herbarium

Bangkok Herbarium

Khon Kaen University

UK

Darwin Initiative

Natural History Museum, London

Oxford University

Royal Society

Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh

University of Aberdeen

University of Reading

USA

Arnold Arboretum, Harvard

Botanical research institute Texas

Bishop Museum, Hawaii

Missouri Botanical Gardens

Vietnam

Institute for Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi

Publications

Adema, F. & Barham*, J. (2002). A new species of Cruddasia (Leguminosae) from Thailand. Kew Bulletin 57 (1): 223-226.

Albach, D.C., Utteridge*, T. & Wagstaff, S.J. (2005). Origin of Veroniceae (Plantaginaceae, formerly Scrophulariaceae) on New Guinea. Systematic Botany 30 (2): 412-423.

Andrews*, S. (2001). 80. Aquifoliaceae. In Beaman, J.H., Anderson, C. & Beaman, R.S. (eds) The plants of Mount Kinabalu. 4. Dicotyledon families Acanthaceae to Lythraceae. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) in association with The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 114-119.

Andrews*, S. (2002). Aquifoliaceae. In Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. & Chung, R.C.K. (eds) Tree flora of Sabah and Sarawak. Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Sabah Forestry Department, and Sarawak Forestry Department. Vol. 4: 1-27.

Arx, B., von, Schlauer, J. & Groves*, M. (2001 [2002]). CITES carnivorous plant checklist: for the genera Dionaea, Nepenthes and Sarracenia. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 93 pp.

Averyanov, L., Cribb*, P.J., Hiep, N.T. & Loc, P.K. (2003). Slipper orchids of Vietnam. In Vietnamese Hanoi: Birdlife International.

Averyanov, L., Cribb*, P.J., Phan Ke Loc & Nguyen Tien Hiep (2003). Slipper orchids of Vietnam: with an introduction to the flora of Vietnam. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ix, 308 pp.

Bachman*, S., Baker*, W.J., Brummitt*, N., Dransfield*, J. & Moat*, J. (2004). Elevational gradients, area and tropical island diversity: an example from the palms of New Guinea. Ecography 27 (3): 299-310.

Baker*, W. & Dransfield*, J. (2004). Calamus suaveolens - a new rattan from Sulawesi. Kew Bulletin 59 (1): 69-71.

Baker*, W. & Loo, A.H.B. (2004). A synopsis of the genus Hydriastele (Arecaceae). Kew Bulletin 59 (1): 61-68.

Baker*, W.J. (2001). The palms of New Guinea project. New Guinea Tropical Ecology and Biodiversity Digest 11: 6-7.

Baker*, W.J. (2001). The palms of New Guinea project. Palms and Cycads no. 71: 3-7.

Baker*, W.J. (2002). The palms of New Guinea project. Flora Malesiana Bulletin 13 (1): 35-37.

Baker*, W.J. (2002). Two unusual Calamus species from New Guinea. Kew Bulletin 57 (3): 719-724.

Baker*, W.J. (2005). Palm research in 2004. Palms 49: 152-155.

Baker*, W.J. & Dransfield*, J. (2002). Calamus maturbongsii, an unusual new rattan species from New Guinea. Kew Bulletin 57 (3): 725-728.

Baker*, W.J. & Dransfield*, J. (2002). Calamus longipinna (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) and its relatives in New Guinea. Kew Bulletin 57 (4): 853-866.

Baker*, W.J., Bayton, R.P., Dransfield*, J. & Maturbongs, R.A. (2003). A revision of the Calamus aruensis (Arecaceae) complex in New Guinea and the Pacific. Kew Bulletin 58 (2): 351-370.

Banka, R. & Baker*, W. (2004). A monograph of the genus Rhopaloblaste (Arecaceae). Kew Bulletin 59 (1): 47-60.

Barker*, C. (2001). Margaritaria (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 46 (3): 505-512.

Beaman*, J.H. (2001). Enumeration of the Kinabalu flora: present status. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 4: 125-135.

Beaman*, J.H. (2001). Introduction. In Stapf, O. (1894). On the Flora of Mount Kinabalu in North Borneo. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd. in association with The Linnean Society. 1-16.

Beaman*, J.H. (ed.) (2001). Systematics, evolution and ethnobotany of the flora of Mount Kinabalu: biodiversity research and conservation in action. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 4. iv, 142 pp.

Beaman*, J.H. (2001). Introduction. In Gibbs, L.S. (1914). A contribution to the flora and plant formations of Mount Kinabalu and the highlands of British North Borneo. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd. in association with The Linnean Society. Reprinted from Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 42: 1-240, pl. 1-8. v-xii.

Beaman*, J.H. (2001). Hieracium L. In Rzedowski, G.C., de, Rzedowski, J. & et al (eds) Flora fanerogámica del Valle de México. 2a. ed. Pátzcuaro (Michoacán): Instituto de Ecología, A. C. y Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidade. 966-970.

Beaman*, J.H. (2001). Introductory remarks. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 4: 1-7.

Beaman*, J.H. (2001). Wheat-flowered Dendrochilum. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 4: ii.

Beaman*, J.H. (2005). Mount Kinabalu: hotspot of plant diversity in Borneo Biologiske Skrifter 55: 103-127.

Beaman*, J.H. & Anderson, C. (2004). The plants of Mount Kinabalu. 5. Dicotyledon families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications. 609 pp.

Beaman*, J.H. & Burley, J.S. (2003). Progress in the floristic inventory of Borneo. In Padoch, C. & Peluso, N.L. (eds) Borneo in transition: people, forests, conservation and development. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. 93-113.

Beaman*, J.H., Anderson, C. & Beaman, R.S. (2001). The plants of Mount Kinabalu, 4. Dicotyledon families Acanthaceae to Lythraceae. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) in association with The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. xiv, 570 pp.

Beaman, T.E., Wood*, J.J., Beaman, R.S. & Beaman*, J.H. (2001). Orchids of Sarawak. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) in association with The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. xvi, 584 pp.

Bennett*, J. (2001). Systematics of the Strobilanthinae (Acanthaceae) of south-east Asia. PhD Thesis. Oxford: University of Oxford. 317 pp.

Bickford, S.A., Laffan, S.W., de Kok*, R.P.J. & Orthia, L.A. (2004). Spatial analysis of taxonomic and genetic patterns and their potential for understanding evolutionary histories. Journal of Biogeography 31 (11): 1715-1733.

Bogner, J., Boyce*, P.C. & Sakuragui, C.M. (2001). A revision of Alloschemone Schott (Araceae: Monstereae). Aroideana 24: 80-93.

Boyce*, P.C. (2001). The genus Rhaphidophora Hassk. (Araceae-Monsteroideae-Monstereae) in New Guinea, Australia and the tropical western Pacific. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore 53 (1-2): 75-183.

Boyce*, P.C. (2001). The genus Rhaphidophora Hassk. (Araceae-Monsteroideae-Monstereae) in Borneo. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore 53 (1-2): 19-74.

Bramley*, G.L.C. (2005). Revision of Cyrtandra section Dissimiles (Gesneriaceae). Blumea 50: 163-189.

Brummitt*, N.A. & Utteridge*, T.M.A. (2003). A second species of Distyliopsis (Hamamelidaceae) from New Guinea. Kew Bulletin 58 (3): 727-731.

Chantaranothai, P., Koomgratok, S. & Simpson*, D.A. (2004). Taxonomic notes on some Southeast Asian species of Vitex (Lamiaceae). Kew Bulletin 59 (2): 319-320.

Cheek*, M. & Jebb, M. (2001). Flora Malesiana. Series I. Seed plants. Volume 15. Leiden: Nationaal Herbarium Nederland. 164 pp.

Cheek*, M., Jebb, M., Lee, C., Lamb, A. & Phillipps, A. (2003). Nepenthes hurrelliana (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pitcher plant from Borneo. Sabah Parks Nature Journal 6: 117-124.

Chen, C.J., Wilmot-Dear*, C.M. & Friis, I. (2005). Notes on Chinese and Indochinese Boehmeria (Urticaceae). Kew Bulletin 60 (3): 449-453.

Chen, J.R., Lin, Q., Friis, I., Wilmot-Dear*, C.M. & Monro, A.K. (2003). Urticaceae In Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (eds) Flora of China. Vol 5. (Ulmaceae - Basellaceae). Beijing: Science Press; St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 76-189.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2001). Elaeocarpus for Flora Malesiana: the Coilopetalum group in Sulawesi and Maluku. Kew Bulletin 56 (4): 837-874.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2001). Elaeocarpus for Flora Malesiana: the Verticellatae subgroup of the Monocera group and a new Philippine species. Kew Bulletin 56 (4): 885-901.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2001). Elaeocarpus for Flora Malesiana: the Coilopetalum group in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Kew Bulletin 56 (4): 875-883.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2001). Elaeocarpus for Flora Malesiana: the Fissipetalum group in central Malesia. Kew Bulletin 56 (2): 461-463.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2001). Elaeocarpus in New Guinea: new taxa in the Debruynii subgroup of the Monocera group. Contributions to the Flora of Mt Jaya V. Kew Bulletin 56 (2): 449-460.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2001). Elaeocarpus for Flora Malesiana: the E. stipularis complex, E. nitidus group & E. barbulatus. Kew Bulletin 56 (3): 513-565.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2002). Elaeocarpus in New Guinea: E. sericoloides (Fissipetalum group), E. royenii & E. multisectus (sect. Elaeocarpus). Contributions to the flora of Mt Jaya, IX. Kew Bulletin 57 (4): 925-935.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2003). Elaeocarpus for Flora Malesiana: two new taxa in the Coloides subgroup of the Monocera group from New Guinea. Kew Bulletin 58 (2): 453-458.

Coode*, M.J.E. (2005). Elaeocarpus for Flora Malesiana: E. crenulatus, E. myrtoides and E. amabilis from New Guinea, reconsidered. Kew Bulletin 60 (2): 305-311.

Cribb*, P.J. (2001). Paphiopedilums in the limestone mountains of southern China and northern Vietnam. Caesiano 16: 13-23.

Cribb*, P.J. (2003). Hugh Low. A Borneo expedition diary and orchid paintings. Orchids 72 (1): 56-57.

Cribb*, P.J. (2004). Zeuxine strateumatica (Orchidaceae), a new record for Hawaii. Kew Bulletin 59 (4): 652.

Cribb*, P.J. (2005). Plant portraits: 512. Paphiopedilum vietnamiense. Orchidaceae. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 22 (1): 12-18.

Cribb*, P.J. & Whistler, A. (2004). A new Liparis species (Orchidaceae) from Samoa. Kew Bulletin 59 (2): 321-323.

Davis*, A.P. (2003). A new combination in Psilanthus (Rubiaceae) for Australasia, and nomenclatural notes on Paracoffea. Novon 13 (2): 182-184.

Davis*, A.P. & Bridson*, D. (2001). A taxonomic revision of the genus Dolianthus (Rubiaceae). Blumea 46 (3): 421-446.

Davis*, A.P. & Bridson*, D.M. (2004). A taxonomic revision of the genus Amaracarpus (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae). Blumea 49: 25-68.

Davis*, A.P. & Ruhsam*, M. (2005). Five new combinations and one new name in Rubiaceae from South-East Asia. Blumea 50 (3): 575-578.

Dransfield*, J. (2001). Two new species of Daemonorops (Arecaceae) from Vietnam. Kew Bulletin 56 (3): 661-667.

Dransfield*, J. (2001). Calamus griseus (Arecaceae), a new species of rattan from Peninsular Thailand, Malaysia and Sumatra. Thai Forest Bulletin, Botany no. 28: 157-159.

Dransfield*, J. (2002). General introduction to rattan: biological background to exploitation and the history of rattan research. In Dransfield, J., Tesoro, F.O. & Manokaran, N. (eds) Rattan: current research issues and prospects for conservation and sustainable development. Rome: FAO. Non-wood forest products, 14. 23-34.

Dransfield*, J. & Baker*, W.J. (2003). An account of the Papuasian species of Calamus (Arecaceae) with paired fruit. Kew Bulletin 58 (2): 371-387.

Dransfield*, J. & Patel, M. (2005). Rattans of Borneo. An interactive key on CD rom. [CD-ROM] Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Available at

Dransfield*, J., Tesoro, F.O. & Manokaran, N. (eds) (2002). Rattan: current research issues and prospects for conservation and sustainable development. Rome: FAO. Non wood forest products, 14. 272 pp.

Dransfield*, S. (2003). A new species and a new combination of Cyrtochloa (Poaceae-Bambusoideae) from the Philippines. Kew Bulletin 58 (4): 981-985.

Evans*, T.D. (2001). Taxonomic and ecological aspects of the sustainable management of wild rattan populations in Lao PDR. PhD Thesis. Oxford: Linacre College, University of Oxford. 177 pp.

Evans, T., Sengdala, K., Viengkham, O.V., Thammavong, B. & Dransfield*, J. (2001). Calamus pauciflorus T. Evans et al. non Ridl. renamed Calamus oligostachys T.Evans et al. Kew Bulletin 56 (1): 242.

Evans, T.D., Sengdala, K., Thammavong, B., Viengkham, O.V. & Dransfield*, J. (2002). A synopsis of the rattans (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) of Laos and neighbouring parts of Indochina. Kew Bulletin 57 (1): 1-84.

Farjon*, A. (2002). New conifer genus is added to the Global Red List. Fitzroya 5: 2.

Farjon*, A. (2002). The discovery and protection of a Vietnamese population of Taiwania cryptomerioides. Species 38: 24.

Farjon*, A. (2002). Discovery of a new conifer genus. Species 38: 5.

Farjon*, A. (2002). Extension of the natural range of Taiwania cryptomerioides. Fitzroya 5: 4.

Farjon*, A., Hiep, N.T., Harder, D.K., Loc, P.K. & Averyanov, L. (2002). A new genus and species in Cupressaceae (Coniferales) from northern Vietnam, Xanthocyparis vietnamensis. Novon 12 (2): 179-189.

Farjon*, A., Thomas, P. & Nguyen Duc To Luu (2004). Conifer conservation in Vietnam: three potential flagship species. Oryx 38 (3): 257-265.

Frodin*, D.G. (2004). A note on Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in Papuasia. Kew Bulletin 59 (1): 165-169.

Ghazanfar*, S.A. (2001). Eleocharis dulcis (kuta) a plant of economic and cultural importance in the South West Pacific: habitat restoration efforts in the vanua of Buca, Vanua Levu, Fiji. South Pacific Journal of Natural Science 19: 51-53.

Ghazanfar*, S.A., Keppel, G. & Khan, S. (2001). Coastal vegetation of small islands near Viti Levu and Ovalau, Fiji. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39: 587-600.

Gravendeel, B., Chase*, M.W., de Vogel, E.F., Roos, M.C., Mes, E.H.M. & Bachman, K. (2001). Molecular phylogeny of Coelogyne (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) based on plastid RFLPs, matK, and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences: evidence for polyphyly. American Journal of Botany 88 (10): 1915-1927.

Hardwick*, K., Healey, J., Elliott, S. & Blakesley, D. (2004). Research needs for restoring seasonal tropical forests in Thailand - accelerated natural regeneration. New Forests 27 (3): 285-302.

Hicks*, D. (2004). A new species of Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from New Guinea. Kew Bulletin 59 (4): 581-583.

Hicks*, D.M. & Utteridge*, T.M.A. (2002). A new species of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) from Anggi Lakes, New Guinea. Kew Bulletin 57 (4): 937-941.

Hind*, D.J.N. (2002). A new species of Papuacalia from Papua (Irian Jaya, Indonesia). Kew Bulletin 57 (3): 693-696.

Hind*, D.J.N. (2004). Novaguinea (Compositae: Astereae: Lagenophorinae), a new endemic genus to Papua, Indonesia. Contributions to the flora of Mount Jaya, XIII Kew Bulletin 59 (2): 177-188.

Hind*, D.J.N. & Johns*, R.J. (2002). A new alpine species of Ixeridium (Compositae: Lactuceae). Contributions to the flora of Mount Jaya, VIII. Kew Bulletin 57 (3): 697-703.

Hind*, D.J.N. & Johns*, R.J. (2003). New species of Papuacalia (Compositae: Senecioneae). Contributions to the flora of Mount Jaya, XI. Kew Bulletin 58 (2): 389-402.

Hoffmann*, P. (2005). Antidesma in Malesia and Thailand. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 292 pp.

Hoffmann*, P. (2005). Antidesma. In Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds) Flora of Thailand. Vol. 8, part 1: Euphorbiaceae (Genera A-F). Bangkok: Forest Herbarium. 51-81.

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Annex material